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Many people suffer from sinusitis every year. The sinuses are cavities in the skull which are used to make the skull lighter, give room for the skull to grow, and to cool down the inhaled air. There are four types of sinuses in humans which include the maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses. The maxillary sinus cavity is located below the eye and to the side of the nose below the cheeks. The ethmoid sinus and the sphenoid sinus are some of the most functional sinuses and are located between the eyes and under the nose. The frontal sinus cavity is located in the middle of the forehead.

The sinuses can cause many problems. The most common problem is a sinusitis infection. A sinusitis infection is caused by a blockage of bacteria and mucus in the sinus cavities. The blockage begins usually with a cold or allergy. The sinus cavity lining becomes swollen when a cold or allergy exists. When bacteria get into the sinus cavities, they attack the swollen lining which then causes greater inflammation. The cilia, which are tiny hairs in the sinuses, are used to flush out bacteria and mucus. When the inflammation from the bacteria occurs, the cilia can no longer flush out the bacteria and mucus therefore it becomes trapped and the sinusitis infection begins.

There are many symptoms which can take place with sinusitis. Commonly, a person may experience cough, congestion, facial pain and pressure, green nasal discharge, and postnasal drip. When the sinusitis infection lasts for twelve or more weeks it is considered chronic and can have additional symptoms such as loss of sense of taste and smell and the person may also become fatigued.

There are many forms of treatment for a sinusitis. Nasal sprays are one common treatment. Nasal sprays work by distributing saline solution up into the sinus cavities. Nasal sprays are meant to moisten the cilia so that the trapped bacteria and mucus can be washed out. The problem with nasal sprays however is that they have large particle sizes that cannot make it past the inflammation at the opening of the sinus cavities and up to the sinusitis infection. Oral antibiotics and other oral medications are also frequently used treatments. Oral antibiotics work on infections by flowing through the blood stream to the infected area. Oral antibiotics are usually ineffective when it comes to sinusitis infections due to the fact that there are only a small amount of blood vessels in the sinus cavities which makes it difficult for an efficient amount of antibiotic, along with anti-fungals and anti-inflammatories, to make it to the sinus infection. Another treatment that may be used is irrigation. Irrigation, like nasal sprays, is meant to moisten the cilia so that it can function properly. Also like nasal sprays, it is difficult for it to make it through the inflammation and to the sinuses. Irrigation is also usually a very messy treatment.

Surgery is a treatment option which is usually used when all other treatments have failed. Sinus surgery is painful and usually only offers short term relief since during the surgery they only remove a portion of the inflammation and infection which causes the infection to usually return. Many sinusitis suffers end up having several sinus surgeries in their lifetime.

Our sinuses have important functions and it is important to keep them clear from infection and preventing it from getting to the point of surgery. A sinusitis infection can become an inconvenience in many ways and also may cause future problems for the sinus cavities. It is best to take care of a sinusitis infection at the beginning and to prevent it from becoming chronic and from leading to surgery.



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Ok when I am sitting a funny way my mucles around my collarbone hurt so bad. It is like when I tense up the muscles for a long time. Like when i am on the computer and leaning the wrong way. I am scared that my Carotid Artery is blocked! I am only 19 and I prolly dont have this but I am scared. I am in good health. Could I have just pulled a muscle or be stressed. Also I have a sinus infection that I just got medicine for yesterday so I dont know if its because im sick. Ive had the sore muscles there for a couple weeks. Please tell me what you think!

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How do you know if what you have is a cold or a sinus infection? Or does one cause the other? I’ve been having colds almost every weekend lately, but accompanied with a pain between my eyes, so I guessed that it was sinusitis, but how do you know for sure? And what treatment will I need?

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Call a doctor when experiencing pain or pressure in the upper face accompanied by nasal congestion or discharge, postnasal drip, or ongoing bad breath unrelated to dental problems.

Fever can be a symptom of a sinus infection or a cold. Simple congestion with a low-grade fever probably indicates a cold and may not call for medications or antibiotics. Those also experiencing facial pain or headaches may have a sinus infection.

A doctor often can treat simple sinusitis. If left undiagnosed and untreated complications of sinusitis can occur that may lead to severe medical problems and possibly death. The following complications are medical emergencies and require immediate treatment in a hospital’s emergency department.

Headache, fever, and soft tissue swelling over the frontal sinus may indicate an infection of the frontal bone, called Pott’s puffy tumor or osteomyelitis. Usually, this complication is limited to children.

Infection of the eye socket may result from ethmoid sinusitis. The eyelid may swell and become droopy. Fever and severe illness are usually present. A person with this infection may lose the ability to move the eye, and permanent– blindness may result.

Ethmoid or frontal sinusitis may also cause the formation of a blood clot in the sinus area around the front and top of the face. Symptoms may be similar to those of eye socket infection with the addition of a fixed and dilated pupil. This condition usually affects both sides of the face.

If a person experiences mild personality changes, headache, neck stiffness, high fever, altered consciousness, visual problems, or seizures, infection may have spread to the brain. Coma and even death may follow.

The diagnosis of a sinus infection is usually made based on a medical history assessment and a physical examination. Adequately distinguishing sinusitis from a simple upper respiratory infection or a common cold is important.

Sinusitis is often caused by bacteria and requires antibiotics for treatment. Sinusitis can also be caused by viruses (meaning antibiotics would not help). Upper respiratory infections and colds are viral illnesses.

Proper diagnosis of these potentially similar conditions prevents confusion as to which medications should be given. Overtreating viral infections with antibiotics can be dangerous.

In most cases, diagnosing acute sinusitis requires no tests. When testing is needed, the CT scan can clearly depict all of the paranasal sinuses, the nasal passages, and the surrounding structures.

A CT scan may indicate a sinus infection if any of these conditions is present: Air-fluid levels in one or more sinuses and total blockage in one or more sinuses. Also, thickening of the inner lining (mucosa) of the sinuses.

Mucosal thickening can occur in people without symptoms of sinusitis. Therefore, CT scan findings must be correlated with a person’s symptoms and physical examination findings to diagnose a sinus infection.



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Some people who inherit an allergy sensitive background develop certain allergies from time to time. These allergies may be due to many environmental factors and sometimes symptoms of asthma are also impersonated by them. Some common forms of these allergic reactions may be seasonal while others may be perennial in nature.

It is important to understand the differences between these and asthma so that they are never confused with asthma because their treatments as well the severity both differ from each other. Seasonal sneezing is called seasonal allergic rhinitis or hay fever in the common parlance. As against the name it is not caused because of hay but because of certain pollutants mainly certain kinds of pollen in the environment to which a person may be allergic.

In contrast to these people some others suffer with sneezing bouts, stuffy or running nose almost all the year round. These people suffer from perennial sneezing or perennial allergic rhinitis. When these people are exposed to cold wind, sunlight, dust and fumes the symptoms of the sneezing bouts precipitate.

In hay fever or seasonal allergic rhinitis the symptoms appear gradually or all of a sudden. This depends upon the degree of exposure to the offending allergen and also upon the degree to which the person may be allergic to them. When the symptoms appear gradually they are accompanied with mild sensation of itching and burning of the eyes and mild irritation in the nose or itching of the palate inside the mouth.

The symptoms usually appear in the early morning hours when the concentration of pollen grains is at its peak. The sneezing bouts are also accompanied with marked increase in the nasal congestion, throat congestion, running of the nose profusely and watery eyes. The nasal mucous membrane becomes highly sensitive with advancement of symptoms and any slight change in the nasal mucous membrane manifests in heavy bouts of sneezing.

These changes may be of very slight nature like appearance of a draft, strong odours, or even minute quantities of dust. In addition to these symptoms there may be appearance of other associated symptoms like general lethargy, loss of appetite, drowsiness and also pain in the body with slight rise in temperature.

In some patients in addition to the above mentioned conditions the symptoms of bronchial asthma also develop side by side making the conditions worse. These symptoms either develop right from the start of the other symptoms or may develop later as the disease advances. The worse part is that once a person starts with these symptoms he may continue with the symptoms of asthma even after the sneezing attacks stop.

This condition can be very easily diagnosed with the study of the case history of the patient. The tests usually undertaken to identify the pollens are skin tests with extracts of the pollen and scratch or intracutaneous tests giving positive reactions to the pollens simultaneously with a confirmation of the same through consultation of the pollen calendar.

Once the offending pollen is identified the effect of it can be controlled efficiently by hypo sensitization tests. Treatment with antihistamine tablets generally proves to be every effective. But it is only a temporary resort. The allergen has to be properly identified and then treated accordingly with preventive measures and drug therapy if need be.

Taking preventive action to overcome seasonal sneezing attacks is very important. For this undue exposure in a particular season should be completely avoided. Outdoor activities like tending to the garden or farming should not be done. The windows of the rooms should be kept closed as far as possible to avoid exposure to the allergen. In extreme cases using air conditioning may be the only way out.

The patients of perennial sneezing or perennial allergic rhinitis have sneezing, running nose, blocked or stuffy nose and nasal discharge almost all the year round. These people many – a – times are found to be snoring at night and are in the habit of breathing through the mouth. They have discomfort in the ears because of blockage in the ear tubes that open in the throat.

These are called Eustachian tubes. When the irritation persists for a long time a person tends to rub the nose vigorously and repeatedly. This leads to development of a crease across the nose called the allergic crease. Some paranasal sinuses may also get blocked leading to accumulation of secretions.

When the ear, nose and throat get infected repeatedly there may be accompanying fever. Exposure to irritants like cold wind, sunlight, dust, fumes and smoke all lead to aggravation of the symptoms. These symptoms usually occur in the early morning hours and then the symptoms may continue throughout the day and even at night. The symptoms in severe cases may resemble symptoms of asthma accompanied with bronchial spasm and suffocation.

The condition is generally diagnosed after studying the family history of allergy. The lab test of eosinophil count is a must to come to concrete conclusions. Skin test of pollen and other allergens is necessary in case the eosinophil count is normal. Treatment with antihistamines helps very limited people. Nasal drops may provide temporary relief but they should be used very sparingly as they work on the principle of cauterization, that is burning o the mucous membrane of the nose so that the nasal passage becomes insensitive. Hyposensitization works efficiently and surgery may be used in very extreme cases only.



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